Destructive thyroiditis, also known as subacute thyroiditis or thyroiditis de Quervain, is a condition characterized by inflammation of the thyroid gland that leads to pain, swelling, and dysfunction of the thyroid. It is called "destructive" because the inflammation can cause damage to thyroid cells, resulting in a temporary hyperthyroid phase followed by a hypothyroid phase as the thyroid gland's hormone reserves are depleted.
The exact cause of destructive thyroiditis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a viral infection or an autoimmune reaction in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Risk factors for developing destructive thyroiditis may include recent viral illnesses, pregnancy, or a history of autoimmune conditions.
Symptoms of destructive thyroiditis may include:
1. Pain and tenderness in the lower neck area (where the thyroid gland is located)
2. Swelling of the thyroid gland (goiter)
3. Fever
4. Fatigue
5. Palpitations or rapid heart rate
6. Sweating
7. Weight loss
8. Tremors
9. Mood changes
Treatment for destructive thyroiditis usually involves managing symptoms with pain relief medications, beta-blockers to help control heart rate and tremors, and thyroid hormone replacement therapy if hypothyroidism develops during the recovery phase. In most cases, destructive thyroiditis is self-limiting and the thyroid gland function returns to normal over time. However, some individuals may experience recurrent episodes or long-term thyroid dysfunction. It is essential to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and management if you suspect you have destructive thyroiditis.